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Eversolo DAC-Z10 DAC & Preamplifier

Eversolo DAC-Z10 DAC & Preamplifier

by Eversolo
₹ 240,000 - ₹ 240,000
₹ 240,000
₹ 240,000
₹ 240,000 - ₹ 240,000
₹ 240,000

Taxes & Shipping Included

The Eversolo DAC-Z10 transforms your digital music library into pristine analog sound through Eversolo's Fully Isolated Architecture, which segregates digital and analog circuits to eliminate interference and preserve sonic integrity. Dual AK4191 + AK4499 DAC pairs handle independent left and right channels with precision, while a fully balanced preamplifier employs sophisticated dual-channel R2R volume control for exceptional dynamic range and minimal distortion. Three dedicated linear power supplies ensure each channel operates in an ultra-low-noise environment, while XLR and RCA inputs with +10dB gain accommodate any source component. Engineered for discerning audiophiles who demand uncompromising fidelity, the DAC-Z10 reveals the authentic character and finest nuances within your music collection with elegant, purposeful design.

From digital to analog, the DAC-Z10 lets music unfold in its purest form. A DAC that reveals the authentic character and finest details of sound. The Eversolo DAC-Z10 is praised as “a next-gen flagship hi-fi DAC designed for uncompromising audiophiles.” From digital to analog, the DAC-Z10 lets music unfold in its purest form A DAC that reveals the authentic character and finest details of sound.

It starts with a dual-mono AKM flagship DAC configuration, working alongside an oven-controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO) combined with a femtosecond-grade PLL system to deliver an “ultra-stable, low-jitter clock architecture.”

Meanwhile, the device’s IIS input supports PCM 32-bit/768kHz and DSD512 Native decoding. Also onboard is a Qualcomm QCC5125 chip that enables near-wired sound quality over wireless transmission, while “three custom-designed toroidal transformers” provide dedicated power pathways that, according to Eversolo, minimize crosstalk and electromagnetic noise.

DAC

The DAC-Z10 is built on Eversolo’s Fully Isolated Architecture (FIA), which completely separates the digital and analog domains to minimize interference and preserve signal purity.  DAC architecture features two sets of AK4191 + AK4499 DACs for independent left and right channels, combined with a fully balanced analog preamplifier that employs precise dual-channel R2R volume control. This configuration achieves superior DNR and lower THD+N, unlocking the full potential of the music.

Fully Balanced Preamplifier

The DAC-Z10 features a high-performance fully balanced preamplifier, supporting both XLR and RCA analog inputs with up to +10dB gain. Paired with a precision R2R analog volume control network, it delivers ultra-low noise and distortion, significantly enhancing dynamic range and signal integrity, allowing every nuance of the music to be reproduced with clarity and authenticity.

Three Independent Power Supplies

With three independent toroidal transformers for left channel, right channel, and system power, the DAC-Z10 maintains ultra-low noise down to 42μV. This design minimizes interference, giving each channel its own clean, isolated voltage support for a stable and detailed sound.

Dual Decoding Modules

Built on a fully balanced architecture, the DAC-Z10 features dual independent AK4191 + AK4499 DAC modules for the left and right channels. Combined with AKM’s Velvet Sound™ technology, it strikes the perfect balance between precision and tonal richness.

R2R Volume Control

The DAC-Z10 employs a precise R2R resistor array for volume control, preserving the original signal at every level. From quiet listening to full volume, every nuance remains intact, delivering clean, accurate, and faithful sound.

Phase-Locked Loop Technology

The DAC-Z10 integrates an OCXO temperature-controlled crystal oscillator and PLL (Phase-Locked Loop) technology to achieve precise clock reconstruction. Accurate timing is fundamental to high-resolution audio reproduction, and with the stability of the OCXO and the precision of PLL correction, the DAC-Z10 ensures that every note is delivered exactly as intended.

External Clock Support

Accurate timing is key to capturing every musical nuance. By supporting external high-precision clock, the DAC-Z10 takes clock stability and accuracy to the next level.

  • Input Specifications 10MHz / 25MHz
  • Input Impedance 50Ω / 75Ω

FPGA Redefined

The DAC-Z10 features a built-in FPGA that shapes IIS data and refines the clock. Every digital signal is thus optimized to its purest form before reaching the DAC — you can truly hear the difference.

Multi-Core USB Audio Processor

The DAC-Z10 features a multi-core USB audio processor, offering higher processing speed and bandwidth to ensure lossless transmission of high-resolution audio data.

  • USB Audio In DSD512 Native, PCM 768KHz/32Bit
  • Optical / Coaxial PCM 192KHz/24Bit, DSD64 Dop

Grounding Post

The DAC-Z10’s grounding post channels noise away, eliminating even minor interference and preserving the purity of each note.

8-Mode IIS Digital Audio Input

Via IIS digital audio input, the DAC-Z10 offers 8 switchable modes and supports up to 768kHz/ 32Bit PCM and DSD512 Native. Its fully isolated hardware design separates signal and ground between devices, ensuring clean signals and enhanced audio clarity.

Pure USB Audio Input

USB is often the most convenient choice for digital audio, but electrical noise and ground loops can subtly compromise its purity. The DAC-Z10 introduces an isolated USB Audio input, transmitting only the clean data while blocking all electrical interference.

Isolated AES/EBU Input

To preserve signal purity, the DAC-Z10 features a dedicated isolated AES/EBU input, fully separating electrical noise between front-end and back-end devices. This isn’t just an engineering solution—it’s our commitment to pure sound.

Dual Optical Inputs

The DAC-Z10 supports dual optical inputs, offering greater flexibility and connectivity for your audio system. With dual optical inputs, the DAC-Z10 can connect to two audio devices simultaneously, providing a more versatile listening experience.

Dual Coaxial Inputs

The DAC-Z10 features dual isolated coaxial inputs, supporting up to 192kHz/24bit. This design effectively shields against external interference, preserving every detail with clarity and precision. Dual source input lets you switch devices effortlessly without any signal loss.

TRIGGER IN & OUT for Linked Control

Manually turning each component on and off can be tedious and may cause current surges. The DAC-Z10’s TRIGGER interfaces act as a command channel, enabling seamless linked control across your system.

HDMI ARC Integration

The DAC-Z10 is equipped with HDMI ARC, supporting both ARC and eARC modes for effortless integration into your home theater system. It not only decodes high-fidelity music but also delivers cinematic sound with stunning clarity and realism.

6.35mm Headphone Amplifier Module

The DAC-Z10 has a dedicated 6.35 mm headphone amplifier module that auto-detects impedance and adjusts gain, delivering powerful, detailed sound. High, medium, and low gain settings let you tailor playback to different headphones and listening preferences.

  • High Gain Output 1 W（16 Ω）/ 1 W（32 Ω）/ 0.16 W（300 Ω）

High Quality Bluetooth Module

The DAC-Z10 features a built-in Qualcomm QCC5125 Bluetooth module. Whether streaming from your phone or connecting directly via tablet, it delivers a high-fidelity wireless listening experience.

Aviation-grade Aluminum Chassis

The DAC-Z10’s chassis is crafted from aviation-grade aluminum. Rigid yet lightweight, it blends precision engineering with refined texture. Sleek in design, yet full of presence.

Smooth Control Experience

The DAC-Z10 features an 8.8-inch IPS touchscreen with a clear and intuitive interface. Switching inputs, adjusting volume, and checking format information are all at your fingertips.

Sonic & Visual Enjoyment

The DAC-Z10 offers a variety of vintage VU meters and dynamic spectrum displays, allowing you to enjoy the visual beauty of sound while listening to music. With the DAC-Z10, every performance comes alive.

Features
  • Dual independent AK4191 + AK4499 DAC modules
  • Precise R2R resistor array for volume control
  • Three Custom Linear Power Supply channels
  • External Clock Support
  • Built-in FPGA for Optimised Signal Processing
  • Multi-core USB audio processor
  • Eversolo Precision Core™, Accurate Clock System
  • I2S Input with 8 switchable modes
  • HDMI ARC Input
  • Dedicated 6.35 mm headphone amplifier module
  • Built-in Qualcomm QCC5125 Bluetooth module
Specifications

Model Eversolo DAC-Z10
Display 8.8" IPS
Chassis Material Aluminium alloy
Main Processor DCP8568
DAC Left Channel: AK4191+AK4499
Right Channel: AK4191+AK4499
Audio Processor Multi-core USB audio processor
OPA Chip OPA1612
Power Triple ultra-low noise linear power supplies
Audio Inputs and Outputs
Bluetooth Audio Input Qualcomm QCC5125 Bluetooth module, Bluetooth version: BT5.0; supports SBC/AAC Bluetooth audio protocols
USB-B Audio Input Compatible with Windows 10 and above, macOS, Android, and iOS; supports up to Stereo DSD512 / PCM 768kHz 32Bit
IIS Input Supports 8 mode configurations, up to Stereo DSD512 / PCM 768kHz 32Bit
AES/EBU Input Up to Stereo PCM 192KHz/24Bit / DSD64 DoP
Optical Audio Inputs *2 Up to Stereo PCM 192KHz/24Bit / DSD64 DoP
Coaxial Audio Inputs *2 Up to Stereo PCM 192KHz/24Bit / DSD64 DoP
ARC Input Up to Stereo PCM 192KHz/24Bit
Analog Audio Inputs XLR (Balanced), RCA
Analog Audio Outputs
Pre-out: XLR (Balanced), RCA; Headphone out: 6.35mm single-ended Pre-out: XLR (Balanced), RCA; Headphone out: 6.35mm single-ended
External Clock Input Supports 10M/25M clock inputs with 50Ω or 75Ω impedance
Headphone Output
Recommended Headphone Impedance 16–300Ω (Low Gain: 16–32Ω / High Gain: 32–300Ω)
Audio Characteristics
XLR Output Audio Characteristics Output Level (Vrms): 5Vrms @ 0dBFS
THD+N @ No-wt: 0.00008% @ 1kHz (-122dB @ 1kHz)
Noise @ No-wt: <1.2uVrms
SNR @ A-wt: 130dB
Frequency Response: 20Hz–20kHz (±0.1dB)
Crosstalk: -130dB
DNR @ A-wt: 130dB
RCA Output Audio Characteristics
Output Level (Vrms): 2.5Vrms @ 0dBFS
THD+N @ No-wt: 0.000097% @ 1kHz (-120dB @ 1kHz)
Noise @ No-wt: <1.5uVrms
SNR @ A-wt: 128dB
Frequency Response: 20Hz–20kHz (±0.1dB)
Crosstalk: -123dB
DNR @ A-wt: 128dB
Headphone Audio Characteristics (Low Gain Mode)
Output Level (Vrms): 4Vrms @ 0dBFS
THD+N @ No-wt: 0.0003% @ 1kHz (-110dB @ 1kHz)
Noise @ No-wt: <2.5uVrms
SNR @ A-wt: 124dB
Frequency Response: 20Hz–20kHz (±0.1dB)
DNR @ A-wt: 124dB
Headphone Audio Characteristics (Mid Gain Mode)
Output Level (Vrms): 5.6Vrms @ 0dBFS
THD+N @ No-wt: 0.00018% @ 1kHz (-115dB @ 1kHz)
Noise @ No-wt: <2.5uVrms
SNR @ A-wt: 126dB
Frequency Response: 20Hz–20kHz (±0.1dB)
DNR @ A-wt: 126dB
Headphone Audio Characteristics (High Gain Mode)
Output Level (Vrms): 7Vrms @ 0dBFS
THD+N @ No-wt: 0.00013% @ 1kHz (-118dB @ 1kHz)
Noise @ No-wt: <2.5uVrms
SNR @ A-wt: 127dB
Frequency Response: 20Hz–20kHz (±0.1dB)
DNR @ A-wt: 127dB
Other Information
Power Supply AC 100~240V 50/60Hz
USB Ports USB2.0*1（only for firmware upgrade）
Control Methods Touchscreen control, remote control, mobile App control
Rated Power Consumption 32W
Dimensions 265mm (L) × 310mm (W) × 78mm (H)

Included
  • Power Cable ×1
  • Remote Controller ×1
  • USB Cable ×1
  • USB drive (for FW upgrade) ×1
  • Trigger cable ×1
  • Polishing cloth ×1
  • User Manual ×1
About
Eversolo is a rapidly emerging, premium audio brand in the global high-fidelity (Hi-Fi) market, dedicated to crafting sophisticated and high-performance audio equipment. Established as a subsidiary of the reputable Zidoo Technology Co., Ltd., Eversolo leverages extensive expertise in audio engineering, digital signal processing, and analog audio design. The brand has quickly made a name for itself by developing a line of versatile and feature-rich products, most notably their award-winning digital music streamers, network players, DACs, and amplifiers. 
Description

The Eversolo DAC-Z10 transforms your digital music library into pristine analog sound through Eversolo's Fully Isolated Architecture, which segregates digital and analog circuits to eliminate interference and preserve sonic integrity. Dual AK4191 + AK4499 DAC pairs handle independent left and right channels with precision, while a fully balanced preamplifier employs sophisticated dual-channel R2R volume control for exceptional dynamic range and minimal distortion. Three dedicated linear power supplies ensure each channel operates in an ultra-low-noise environment, while XLR and RCA inputs with +10dB gain accommodate any source component. Engineered for discerning audiophiles who demand uncompromising fidelity, the DAC-Z10 reveals the authentic character and finest nuances within your music collection with elegant, purposeful design.

From digital to analog, the DAC-Z10 lets music unfold in its purest form. A DAC that reveals the authentic character and finest details of sound. The Eversolo DAC-Z10 is praised as “a next-gen flagship hi-fi DAC designed for uncompromising audiophiles.” From digital to analog, the DAC-Z10 lets music unfold in its purest form A DAC that reveals the authentic character and finest details of sound.

It starts with a dual-mono AKM flagship DAC configuration, working alongside an oven-controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO) combined with a femtosecond-grade PLL system to deliver an “ultra-stable, low-jitter clock architecture.”

Meanwhile, the device’s IIS input supports PCM 32-bit/768kHz and DSD512 Native decoding. Also onboard is a Qualcomm QCC5125 chip that enables near-wired sound quality over wireless transmission, while “three custom-designed toroidal transformers” provide dedicated power pathways that, according to Eversolo, minimize crosstalk and electromagnetic noise.

DAC

The DAC-Z10 is built on Eversolo’s Fully Isolated Architecture (FIA), which completely separates the digital and analog domains to minimize interference and preserve signal purity.  DAC architecture features two sets of AK4191 + AK4499 DACs for independent left and right channels, combined with a fully balanced analog preamplifier that employs precise dual-channel R2R volume control. This configuration achieves superior DNR and lower THD+N, unlocking the full potential of the music.

Fully Balanced Preamplifier

The DAC-Z10 features a high-performance fully balanced preamplifier, supporting both XLR and RCA analog inputs with up to +10dB gain. Paired with a precision R2R analog volume control network, it delivers ultra-low noise and distortion, significantly enhancing dynamic range and signal integrity, allowing every nuance of the music to be reproduced with clarity and authenticity.

Three Independent Power Supplies

With three independent toroidal transformers for left channel, right channel, and system power, the DAC-Z10 maintains ultra-low noise down to 42μV. This design minimizes interference, giving each channel its own clean, isolated voltage support for a stable and detailed sound.

Dual Decoding Modules

Built on a fully balanced architecture, the DAC-Z10 features dual independent AK4191 + AK4499 DAC modules for the left and right channels. Combined with AKM’s Velvet Sound™ technology, it strikes the perfect balance between precision and tonal richness.

R2R Volume Control

The DAC-Z10 employs a precise R2R resistor array for volume control, preserving the original signal at every level. From quiet listening to full volume, every nuance remains intact, delivering clean, accurate, and faithful sound.

Phase-Locked Loop Technology

The DAC-Z10 integrates an OCXO temperature-controlled crystal oscillator and PLL (Phase-Locked Loop) technology to achieve precise clock reconstruction. Accurate timing is fundamental to high-resolution audio reproduction, and with the stability of the OCXO and the precision of PLL correction, the DAC-Z10 ensures that every note is delivered exactly as intended.

External Clock Support

Accurate timing is key to capturing every musical nuance. By supporting external high-precision clock, the DAC-Z10 takes clock stability and accuracy to the next level.

  • Input Specifications 10MHz / 25MHz
  • Input Impedance 50Ω / 75Ω

FPGA Redefined

The DAC-Z10 features a built-in FPGA that shapes IIS data and refines the clock. Every digital signal is thus optimized to its purest form before reaching the DAC — you can truly hear the difference.

Multi-Core USB Audio Processor

The DAC-Z10 features a multi-core USB audio processor, offering higher processing speed and bandwidth to ensure lossless transmission of high-resolution audio data.

  • USB Audio In DSD512 Native, PCM 768KHz/32Bit
  • Optical / Coaxial PCM 192KHz/24Bit, DSD64 Dop

Grounding Post

The DAC-Z10’s grounding post channels noise away, eliminating even minor interference and preserving the purity of each note.

8-Mode IIS Digital Audio Input

Via IIS digital audio input, the DAC-Z10 offers 8 switchable modes and supports up to 768kHz/ 32Bit PCM and DSD512 Native. Its fully isolated hardware design separates signal and ground between devices, ensuring clean signals and enhanced audio clarity.

Pure USB Audio Input

USB is often the most convenient choice for digital audio, but electrical noise and ground loops can subtly compromise its purity. The DAC-Z10 introduces an isolated USB Audio input, transmitting only the clean data while blocking all electrical interference.

Isolated AES/EBU Input

To preserve signal purity, the DAC-Z10 features a dedicated isolated AES/EBU input, fully separating electrical noise between front-end and back-end devices. This isn’t just an engineering solution—it’s our commitment to pure sound.

Dual Optical Inputs

The DAC-Z10 supports dual optical inputs, offering greater flexibility and connectivity for your audio system. With dual optical inputs, the DAC-Z10 can connect to two audio devices simultaneously, providing a more versatile listening experience.

Dual Coaxial Inputs

The DAC-Z10 features dual isolated coaxial inputs, supporting up to 192kHz/24bit. This design effectively shields against external interference, preserving every detail with clarity and precision. Dual source input lets you switch devices effortlessly without any signal loss.

TRIGGER IN & OUT for Linked Control

Manually turning each component on and off can be tedious and may cause current surges. The DAC-Z10’s TRIGGER interfaces act as a command channel, enabling seamless linked control across your system.

HDMI ARC Integration

The DAC-Z10 is equipped with HDMI ARC, supporting both ARC and eARC modes for effortless integration into your home theater system. It not only decodes high-fidelity music but also delivers cinematic sound with stunning clarity and realism.

6.35mm Headphone Amplifier Module

The DAC-Z10 has a dedicated 6.35 mm headphone amplifier module that auto-detects impedance and adjusts gain, delivering powerful, detailed sound. High, medium, and low gain settings let you tailor playback to different headphones and listening preferences.

  • High Gain Output 1 W（16 Ω）/ 1 W（32 Ω）/ 0.16 W（300 Ω）

High Quality Bluetooth Module

The DAC-Z10 features a built-in Qualcomm QCC5125 Bluetooth module. Whether streaming from your phone or connecting directly via tablet, it delivers a high-fidelity wireless listening experience.

Aviation-grade Aluminum Chassis

The DAC-Z10’s chassis is crafted from aviation-grade aluminum. Rigid yet lightweight, it blends precision engineering with refined texture. Sleek in design, yet full of presence.

Smooth Control Experience

The DAC-Z10 features an 8.8-inch IPS touchscreen with a clear and intuitive interface. Switching inputs, adjusting volume, and checking format information are all at your fingertips.

Sonic & Visual Enjoyment

The DAC-Z10 offers a variety of vintage VU meters and dynamic spectrum displays, allowing you to enjoy the visual beauty of sound while listening to music. With the DAC-Z10, every performance comes alive.
Features
  • Dual independent AK4191 + AK4499 DAC modules
  • Precise R2R resistor array for volume control
  • Three Custom Linear Power Supply channels
  • External Clock Support
  • Built-in FPGA for Optimised Signal Processing
  • Multi-core USB audio processor
  • Eversolo Precision Core™, Accurate Clock System
  • I2S Input with 8 switchable modes
  • HDMI ARC Input
  • Dedicated 6.35 mm headphone amplifier module
  • Built-in Qualcomm QCC5125 Bluetooth module
Specifications
Model Eversolo DAC-Z10
Display 8.8" IPS
Chassis Material Aluminium alloy
Main Processor DCP8568
DAC Left Channel: AK4191+AK4499
Right Channel: AK4191+AK4499
Audio Processor Multi-core USB audio processor
OPA Chip OPA1612
Power Triple ultra-low noise linear power supplies
Audio Inputs and Outputs
Bluetooth Audio Input Qualcomm QCC5125 Bluetooth module, Bluetooth version: BT5.0; supports SBC/AAC Bluetooth audio protocols
USB-B Audio Input Compatible with Windows 10 and above, macOS, Android, and iOS; supports up to Stereo DSD512 / PCM 768kHz 32Bit
IIS Input Supports 8 mode configurations, up to Stereo DSD512 / PCM 768kHz 32Bit
AES/EBU Input Up to Stereo PCM 192KHz/24Bit / DSD64 DoP
Optical Audio Inputs *2 Up to Stereo PCM 192KHz/24Bit / DSD64 DoP
Coaxial Audio Inputs *2 Up to Stereo PCM 192KHz/24Bit / DSD64 DoP
ARC Input Up to Stereo PCM 192KHz/24Bit
Analog Audio Inputs XLR (Balanced), RCA
Analog Audio Outputs
Pre-out: XLR (Balanced), RCA; Headphone out: 6.35mm single-ended Pre-out: XLR (Balanced), RCA; Headphone out: 6.35mm single-ended
External Clock Input Supports 10M/25M clock inputs with 50Ω or 75Ω impedance
Headphone Output
Recommended Headphone Impedance 16–300Ω (Low Gain: 16–32Ω / High Gain: 32–300Ω)
Audio Characteristics
XLR Output Audio Characteristics Output Level (Vrms): 5Vrms @ 0dBFS
THD+N @ No-wt: 0.00008% @ 1kHz (-122dB @ 1kHz)
Noise @ No-wt: <1.2uVrms
SNR @ A-wt: 130dB
Frequency Response: 20Hz–20kHz (±0.1dB)
Crosstalk: -130dB
DNR @ A-wt: 130dB
RCA Output Audio Characteristics
Output Level (Vrms): 2.5Vrms @ 0dBFS
THD+N @ No-wt: 0.000097% @ 1kHz (-120dB @ 1kHz)
Noise @ No-wt: <1.5uVrms
SNR @ A-wt: 128dB
Frequency Response: 20Hz–20kHz (±0.1dB)
Crosstalk: -123dB
DNR @ A-wt: 128dB
Headphone Audio Characteristics (Low Gain Mode)
Output Level (Vrms): 4Vrms @ 0dBFS
THD+N @ No-wt: 0.0003% @ 1kHz (-110dB @ 1kHz)
Noise @ No-wt: <2.5uVrms
SNR @ A-wt: 124dB
Frequency Response: 20Hz–20kHz (±0.1dB)
DNR @ A-wt: 124dB
Headphone Audio Characteristics (Mid Gain Mode)
Output Level (Vrms): 5.6Vrms @ 0dBFS
THD+N @ No-wt: 0.00018% @ 1kHz (-115dB @ 1kHz)
Noise @ No-wt: <2.5uVrms
SNR @ A-wt: 126dB
Frequency Response: 20Hz–20kHz (±0.1dB)
DNR @ A-wt: 126dB
Headphone Audio Characteristics (High Gain Mode)
Output Level (Vrms): 7Vrms @ 0dBFS
THD+N @ No-wt: 0.00013% @ 1kHz (-118dB @ 1kHz)
Noise @ No-wt: <2.5uVrms
SNR @ A-wt: 127dB
Frequency Response: 20Hz–20kHz (±0.1dB)
DNR @ A-wt: 127dB
Other Information
Power Supply AC 100~240V 50/60Hz
USB Ports USB2.0*1（only for firmware upgrade）
Control Methods Touchscreen control, remote control, mobile App control
Rated Power Consumption 32W
Dimensions 265mm (L) × 310mm (W) × 78mm (H)
Included
  • Power Cable ×1
  • Remote Controller ×1
  • USB Cable ×1
  • USB drive (for FW upgrade) ×1
  • Trigger cable ×1
  • Polishing cloth ×1
  • User Manual ×1
About
Eversolo is a rapidly emerging, premium audio brand in the global high-fidelity (Hi-Fi) market, dedicated to crafting sophisticated and high-performance audio equipment. Established as a subsidiary of the reputable Zidoo Technology Co., Ltd., Eversolo leverages extensive expertise in audio engineering, digital signal processing, and analog audio design. The brand has quickly made a name for itself by developing a line of versatile and feature-rich products, most notably their award-winning digital music streamers, network players, DACs, and amplifiers.